THE TERMINI DICTIONARY OF THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE CONTAINING LOANWORDS FROM THE CARPATHIAN BASIN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/folia.philologica/2024/8/1Keywords:
Hungarian language, language varieties, loanwords, online dictionary, Termini Dictionary, Transcarpathian Hungarian language varietyAbstract
The Termini Hungarian–Hungarian Dictionary and Database is a perfect example of modern-day online dictionaries which aim to preserve the language varieties of the Hungarian minorities living in the neighbour states of Hungary, including Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Austria and Slovakia. The aim of the present article is to provide an introduction to the material of the Termini Dictionary, while shedding light on the importance of codification and preservation of the lexical borrowings from minority language varieties across the Carpathian Basin. Online dictionaries are useful tools in corpus linguistics because they are easy to update, thus they contain neologisms and other newly coined vocabulary elements that emerge as a result of linguistic and social changes. If the Hungarian language is taken into consideration, it underwent a great amount of changes in the previous century due to the Treaty of Trianon (1920), which split the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary into several pieces after World War I. As a consequence, many people of the Hungarian nationality moved to the neighbouring countries, but they kept their Hungarian identity and mother tongue. However, the language use of the Hungarian minority groups living in the states of the Carpathian Basin is significantly different in terms of vocabulary elements as compared to the standard Hungarian language variety spoken within the borders of present-day Hungary. The main difference is that the language varieties of Hungarian minorities are affected by the state languages of those countries where they live since the Treaty of Trianon. An example of such language varieties is the one spoken by the Hungarians in Transcarpathia, Ukraine. They frequently borrow words from the Ukrainian state language during their everyday communication. The novelty of the Termini Hungarian–Hungarian Dictionary and Database lies in the fact that although state language borrowings are getting more and more recognition in the two recent decades, but no other Hungarian dictionaries exist, which could provide such a comprehensible outline of minority language use. As of December 2024, the Termini Dictionary contains 5,577 entries, out of which 1,123 belong to the Transcarpathian variety of the Hungarian language. Therefore, the influence of the Ukrainian state language on the language use of the Hungarian minority in Ukraine is unquestionable, and the Termini Dictionary is a helpful tool in keeping record of the contact between the Hungarian and Ukrainian languages.
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